Topics:
Animal Physiology, Animal Refresher
Match: Immunity, Diseases and Muscle Characteristics
Match the column:
| TABLE-I | TABLE-II |
|---|---|
| 1) Innate immunity | a) Intercalated disc |
| 2) Eosinophilia | b) Insulin |
| 3) Diabetes Insipidus | c) Non-specific |
| 4) Diabetes Mellitus | d) Allergy |
| 5) Skeletal muscle | e) Antidiuretic hormone |
| 6) Cardiac muscle | f) Syncytium |
- 1-c, 2-d, 3-e, 4-b, 5-f, 6-a — Correct Answer
- 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-e, 5-f, 6-a
- 1-c, 2-e, 3-d, 4-b, 5-f, 6-a
- 1-d, 2-c, 3-e, 4-b, 5-f, 6-a
Explanation:
Correct Answer: 1-c, 2-d, 3-e, 4-b, 5-f, 6-a
Explanation of Each Match
- 1-c) Innate immunity → Non-specific: Innate (natural/non-adaptive) immunity is the non-specific first line of defense present from birth. It includes skin, mucous membranes, phagocytes, NK cells, fever, and complement — it does not distinguish between specific pathogens.
- 2-d) Eosinophilia → Allergy: Increased circulating eosinophils (eosinophilia) occurs during allergic reactions and parasitic infections. Eosinophils inactivate allergens like histamine and dampen the allergic response.
- 3-e) Diabetes Insipidus → Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Diabetes Insipidus is caused by deficiency of ADH (Vasopressin) or unresponsiveness to it. Without ADH, the kidneys cannot concentrate urine → polyuria + polydipsia, but blood glucose is normal.
- 4-b) Diabetes Mellitus → Insulin: Diabetes Mellitus results from deficiency or resistance to insulin. Without insulin, glucose cannot enter cells → hyperglycemia → glycosuria → polyuria → polydipsia + polyphagia.
- 5-f) Skeletal muscle → Syncytium: Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated syncytia — formed by fusion of multiple myoblast cells during development. Each fiber contains hundreds of nuclei.
- 6-a) Cardiac muscle → Intercalated disc: Cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) are connected end-to-end by intercalated discs, which contain gap junctions and desmosomes, allowing electrical coupling and coordinated contraction of the heart.
