Consider the following:

1. Cosmic rays
2. Disposal of nuclear waste
3. Disposal of certain medical equipment
4. Uranium mining

Which of the above are sources of radioactive pollution?

The increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the air is slowly raising the temperature of the atmosphere because it absorbs:

In the context of environment and ecology, “Spring Shock” refers to the

Arrange the above acts in the correct chronological order from the earliest to the latest.

1. Environment Protection Act
2. Forest Conservation Act
3. Biological Diversity Act

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Consider the following pairs regarding Sustainable development goals (SDGs) and their aims

SDG      Aim

1. SDG-6 : Affordable and Clean Energy
2. SDG-7 : Clean Water and Sanitation
3. SDG-11 : Sustainable Cities and Communities
4. SDG-13 : Climate Action

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Which of the following is correct regarding the Gothenburg protocol?

Zero Debris Charter is a world-leading effort to become debris-neutral in space by 2030. How many of the following are the signatories of the charter?

1. Romania
2. India
3. USA
4. European Union
5. China

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The term “Memory of the World Programme” sometimes seen in the news is primarily associated with which of the following organisation?

Which of the following organizations have been established under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972?

1. Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB)
2. Central Zoo Authority (CZA)
3. National Board for Wildlife (NBWL)
4. National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Which of the following sites have been awarded CATS Approved status?

1. Lansdowne Forest Division
2. Jim Corbett National Park
3. Chitwan National Park
4. Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Consider the following statements:

1. The Earth’s magnetic field is generated by the movement of molten iron in the Earth’s outer core.
2. The magnetic poles of the Earth are exactly aligned with its geographical poles.
3. The Earth’s magnetic field has reversed every few hundred thousand years.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the Agnibaan Rocket:

1. Agnibaan is a four-stage rocket with a capacity to carry payloads to a height of 700 km.
2. It is manufactured indigenously through 3D Printing or additive manufacturing technology.
3. The Agnibaan rocket uses a mixture of kerosene and liquid oxygen as propellants.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

Which of the following best describes Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)?

Consider the following statements:

1. Biomagnification occurs within a single trophic level.
2. Mercury and DDT are common biomagnifying substances.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to species interaction, consider the following pairs:

Type of Interaction – Nature

1. Competition : Both the species are harmed
2. Amensalism : Both the species benefit
3. Commensalism : Only one of the species is harmed

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Consider the following statements regarding the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACE):

1. It operates under the administrative control of the Indian Space Research Organisation.
2. It provides a single-window clearance for all space-related activities by non-governmental entities.
3. It acts as an interface between ISRO and non-governmental entities.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is one of the most well-known objective assessment systems for classifying the status of plants, animals, and other organisms threatened with extinction. How many of the following is a criterion to assess the extinction risk of a given species?

1. The rate of population decline
2. The geographic range
3. Whether the species already possesses a small population size

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Consider the following statements regarding deepfakes:

1. It involves the creation of fake audio and videos using neural networks.
2. Section 66D of the Information Technology Act, 2000 defines deepfakes.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding indoor air pollution:

1. Radon, which is found in certain building materials, can cause lung cancer.
2. Biological chemicals such as those released by mold colonies are allergens and can aggravate asthma.
3. Volatile organic compounds employed by air freshners can cause damage to kidneys.

How many statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding DigiLocker:

1. DigiLocker is a flagship initiative of the Ministry of Education under the Digital India program.
2. The issued documents in the DigiLocker system are treated at par with the original physical documents.
3. Users can access their Digi Locker account only through Aadhaar-based authentication.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding Eutrophication:

• Statement-I: Eutrophication decreases Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of a water body.
• Statement-II: Eutrophication leads to a decrease in oxygen levels in water bodies.

Which one of the following is correct in reference to the above statements?

Consider the following statements:

• Statement-I: Central Pollution Control Board advises the Central Government on any matter concerning prevention and control of water and air pollution and improvement of the quality of air.
• Statement-II: It has been entrusted the responsibility under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Consider the following pairs:

Convention – Aim

1. Basel Convention : Action on Persistent Organic Pollutants
2. Rotterdam Convention : Prior Informed Consent in the trade of hazardous substances
3. Stockholm Convention : Transboundary movement of hazardous waste

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Consider the following:

1. Reduced nitrogen fixation
2. Imbalance in flora and fauna in soil
3. Generation of toxic dust
4. Increase in salinity

How many of the above are the results of soil pollution?

Consider the following pairs:

Solid Waste Management Method – Process

1. Incineration : Controlled complete combustion in the absence of Oxygen
2. Pyrolysis : Heating of organic material in the presence of Oxygen
3. Gasification : Conversion of waste directly into Syngas

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Consider the following statements regarding ‘Biodiversity Heritage Sites’ (BHS):

1. These sites are covered under Protected Areas under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.
2. Richness of domestic species is the only criterion for declaring BHS.
3. Areas that contain sustainable agricultural practices could be declared as BHS.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Recently, government plans to relocate tigers to the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve from the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve. In which of the following states is the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve situated?

Consider the following characteristics:

1. Human activity is strictly restricted
2. No fixed Boundaries
3. Notified by the state government
4. Exclusively for wildlife conservation

How many of the above characteristics are features of the national park?

Consider the following statements regarding Carbon Farming:

1. It involves the use of agricultural practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
2. It is implemented mostly in dry regions with limited water availability.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In the context of the KAZA Summit 2024, consider the following:

1. Promotion of eco-tourism
2. Management of heritage and cultural resources
3. Socio-economic well-being of the communities

How many of the above are the objectives of the KAZA Summit?

Consider the following statements:

• Statement-I: India is able to access the Global Environment Facility (GEF) financial resources designated under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
• Statement-II: India has ratified the list of seven chemicals listed under the Stockholm Convention.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

With reference to the energy flow in the ecosystem, consider the following statements:

1. The sun is the only direct energy source for all ecosystems on Earth.
2. Plants capture around 1-5% of incident solar radiation to make food.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC), consider the following statements:

1. The Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) is an initiative of the National Payments Corporation of India.
2. It allows sellers to sell their products across different e-commerce platforms.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which among the following constitute “edaphic factors” in the ecology?

With reference to ecosystem productivity, consider the following statements:

1. Gross primary productivity is the available biomass for the consumption of heterotrophs.
2. Annual net primary productivity of the ocean is higher than that of land.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Global Land Outlook Thematic Report on Rangelands and Pastoralists has been released by which of the following organisations?

Consider the following pairs regarding carbon market mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol:

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Arrange the following gases in descending order of their Global Warming Potential (GWP) over 100 years:

1. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
2. Methane (CH4)
3. Nitrous oxide (N2O)
4. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)

Select the correct order using the code given below.

In the context of Sacred Groves, consider the following statements:

1. Sacred groves are traditional patches of forest preserved by local communities due to religious or cultural significance.
2. These groves typically do not allow any form of human disturbance to maintain their pristine condition.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding Algal Blooms:

1. They are dense layers of tiny green plants that occur on the surface of lakes and other bodies of water when there is an overabundance of nutrients.
2. This excessive rise of phytoplankton is beneficial for the fish population which is dependent on it for food.
3. It deteriorates water quality leading to toxic effects on human health.

How many statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the measurement of biodiversity:

1. Species Richness is the count of unique species within a given ecosystem.
2. Species Evenness indicates the rarity of a species.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding tobacco cultivation in India:

1. India is the largest producer and importer of tobacco.
2. Tobacco cultivation requires very high rainfall, usually more than 1000 mm.
3. Flue-cured Virginia and Cheroot are imported varieties of tobacco.

How many of the above given statements are not correct?

Consider the following statements regarding Fly Ash:

1. Fly ash comes out along with flue gases when pulverized coal is burnt in the boiler of thermal power station.
2. It can replace portland cement used to produce concrete.
3. Concrete produced by fly ash is stronger and more durable than traditional concrete.

How many statements given above are correct?

Consider the following pairs:

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Consider the following statements regarding Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) process:

1. EIA is a management tool for ensuring optimal use of natural resources for sustainable development.
2. EIA is mandatory under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 for all developmental activities.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:

1. Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants that are formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react to sunlight, creating a brown haze above cities.
2. Classical smog occurs on a warm day when products of coal burning mix with fog and droplets of highly corrosive sulphuric acid.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following international treaties was signed to control the emission of ozone-depleting substances?

With reference to the illegal wildlife trade, consider the following statements:

1. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
2. The Indian Penal Code, 1860
3. Wildlife Crime Control Bureau
4. The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960

Which of the above-mentioned are the initiatives taken by India to tackle the illegal wildlife trade?

Which of the following bodies approves the exchange of animals between Indian and foreign zoos?

Consider the following statements regarding E-Waste Management rules in India:

1. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) promotes the integration of environmental costs associated with goods throughout their lifecycle.
2. Producer responsibility organizations established by the Central Pollution Control Board are professional organizations helping producers to meet their EPR targets.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the biosphere reserves, consider the following statements:

1. They often include terrestrial, marine, and coastal ecosystems for promoting sustainable development.
2. The ‘Core Zone’ of a Biosphere Reserve is strictly protected and human activities are prohibited.
3. All biosphere reserves in India are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to the Eco-Sensitive Zones, consider the following statements:

1. In India, it is mandatory that every protected forest should have a mandatory ESZ of a minimum of 10 km starting from their boundaries.
2. ESZs are ecologically important areas notified under the Wildlife Protection Act, of 1972.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following is a prominent ozone-depleting substance?

Consider the following statements with reference to the National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOH):

1. It is a premier institute under the aegis of the Ministry of Science and Technology.
2. It has a special focus on working towards dust related respiratory morbidities such as silicosis.
3. The National Institute of Miners’ Health (NIMH) has recently been merged with the NIOH.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In the context of biodiversity, the Evil Quartet comprises which of the following sets of four components?

The technique of increasing the ability of native microbes on the contaminated site to degrade pollutants through the addition of a natural or manufactured population of microorganisms is known as:

With reference to the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act 2016, consider the following statements:
1. The Act establishes the National Compensatory Afforestation Fund (NCAF) under the Public Account of India.
2. The national and state funds each receive 50% of the funds under the act.
3. The Comptroller and Auditor General conducts an annual audit of the accounts.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to the decomposition process in terrestrial ecosystems, consider the following statements:
1. Leaching is defined as the percolation of water-soluble organic nutrients into the soil horizon.
2. Humus acts as a nutrient reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems.
3. The presence of lignin and chitin enhances the rate of decomposition of detritus.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Consider the following:
1. Sulphuric acid
2. Peroxy-acetyl nitrate
3. Particulate matter
4. Tropospheric ozone
How many of the above are secondary air pollutants?

Consider the following:
1. Attain the target of 500 GW of non-fossil energy capacity by 2030
2. 50 percent of energy requirements from renewable energy by 2030
3. Achieving the target of net-zero emissions by 2047
How many of the above are the components of the Panchamrita strategy of India’s climate action?

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: Thermal pollution can cause loss of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems.
Statement-II: An increase in temperature of water body leads to reduced dissolved oxygen content.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Consider the following pairs:

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Consider the following statements with reference to ocean acidification:
1. Ocean acidification refers to the decrease in pH levels of the ocean due to the absorption of excess atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2).
2. Ocean acidification adversely affects marine organisms, particularly those with calcium carbonate shells or skeletons.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to terrestrial ecosystems, consider the following:

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: The ozone hole over Antarctica increases in size during the winters.
Statement-II: Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) provide surface for chlorine and bromine reactions, leading to significant ozone depletion.
Which one of the following is correct in reference to the above statements?

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: Water used for drinking purposes should be completely devoid of Fluoride ions (F-).
Statement-II: Fluoride ions in excess of 10 ppm can cause harmful effect to bones and teeth.
Which one of the following is correct in reference to the above statements?

Consider the following statements about biodiversity:

1. It generally increases as a person travels from the pole to the equator.
2. The tropical rainforests have the highest species diversity in the earth.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding Oleander or Nerium flowers:
Statement-I: The consumption of raw extracts of these flowers should be avoided.
Statement-II: They contain a cardiotoxic glycoside named oleandrin that can even cause death.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

With reference to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ), consider the following statements:

1. It is a functional commission of the United Nations Economic and Social Council.
2. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following areas in India are included in the World Biodiversity Hotspots?

1. Himalayas
2. Western Ghat
3. Eastern Ghat
4. Northeastern India
5. Nicobar Group of Island

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The rain is considered acid rain if its pH value is below:

Which among the following statements best describes Gause’s law in ecology?

Which of the following best describes the term ‘ecocline’?

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: India released its distinct policy for tackling marine pollution recently.
Statement-II: India is a signatory to the International Convention on Prevention of Marine Pollution.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Which of the following species of Vultures are Critically Endangered?

1. Red-Headed Vulture
2. Himalayan Vulture
3. Slender-Billed Vulture
4. White-Rumped Vulture

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Consider the following statements about conservation reserves in India:

1. The concept of conservation areas was first introduced in the Biodiversity Act, 2002.
2. Conservation areas are completely owned by the Government of India.
3. Human activities are completely banned in all types of conservation areas.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following pairs:

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

With reference to the loss of biodiversity in a region, consider the following:

1. Decline in plant production
2. Lowered resistance to environmental perturbations such as drought
3. Increased variability in the disease cycle

How many of the above is/are potential consequences of biodiversity loss?

Which of the following statements best defines the term ‘biopiracy’?

With reference to the conservation of elephants, consider the following statements:

1. The Government of India launched Project Elephant in 1992 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
2. CITES established the Monitoring of Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) Programme.
3. The Wildlife Trust of India is a member of the Asian Elephant Alliance.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to ‘Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022’, consider the following pairs:

How many pairs given above are correctly matched?

The ‘Deda Method’, sometimes mentioned in the news, is a

Recently, Genetically Modified (GM) mosquitoes were released by which of the following countries to fight against malaria?

Consider the following:

1. Oil Spills
2. Waste water treatment
3. Ionic elements from radioactive waste

How many of the following can be treated with bioremediation technique?

With reference to a lake ecosystem, consider the following statements:

1. The littoral zone is the zone that is farthest from the shore of an aquatic or lake ecosystem.
2. The profundal zone has characteristically low temperatures due to minimal sunlight penetration.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following are examples of ex-situ conservation?

1. Botanical gardens
2. Reserved forests
3. Gene banks
4. Protected Areas
5. Cryopreservation

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Under which of the following Acts/Policy, the Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme is introduced?

Which among the following best describes the term ‘nekton’ in an aquatic ecosystem?

With reference to ultra-processed foods, consider the following statements:

1. They are often high in vitamins, protein, and fiber.
2. Ultra-processed foods often include additives like preservatives and colorants.
3. Cardiac issues are one of the health risks linked to ultra-processed foods.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the regulation for noise pollution in India:

1. The Central Pollution Control Board has laid down the permissible noise levels in India for different areas.
2. An area within 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts may be declared as a silence zone.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In the context of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), consider the following statements:

1. They are a diverse group of communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases.
2. They are included in the Sustainable Development Goals to end the epidemic by 2030.
3. They can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, and toxins.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

Which of the statements given below is correct regarding the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)?

Which of the following country has the world’s first operational Floating Nuclear Power Plant?

Consider the following areas:

1. Kaziranga National Park
2. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
3. Keoladeo National Park
4. Great Himalayan National Park

How many of the above areas are included in UNESCO’s Natural World Heritage Site in India?

Consider the following statements regarding catalytic converters used in automobiles:

1. Platinum-palladium and Rhodium are fitted into automobiles for reducing emission of poisonous gas.
2. When the exhaust passes through the catalytic converter, unburnt hydrocarbons are converted into carbon dioxide and water.

Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?

Consider the following:

1. Economic Development
2. Social Development
3. Environmental Protection
4. Political Stability

How many of the above are the primary pillars of sustainable development?

Consider the following statements regarding Dioxins and Furans, well-known e-waste pollutants:

1. Dioxins and Furans are emitted during the thermal treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment.
2. About 90% of exposure to dioxins and furans is from eating contaminated food.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following:

1. Toxic chemicals from industries
2. Fly ash from thermal power plants
3. Domestic garbage dumped on land
4. Pesticides and herbicides
5. Mining

How many of the above are sources of soil pollution?

TAK-003, sometimes seen in the news, is primarily a:

Consider the following statements regarding Biomedical Waste Management Rules 2016:

1. It is applicable only to large hospital premises.
2. It mandates pre-treatment of waste generated in microbiological laboratories, waste through disinfection on site.
3. Biomedical waste has to be segregated into five categories under these rules.

How many of the statements given above are correct?