Conditions for Urea Toxicity in Cattle

Correct Answer: Both (a) and (b) are correct

• Rumen NH₃ > 80 mg/dl: Bacteria cannot utilise excess NH₃; absorbed across rumen wall into portal blood.
• Blood NH₃ > 1 mg/dl: Liver's urea cycle capacity exceeded; systemic alkalosis and CNS toxicity.

Clinical Signs

Salivation, bloat, muscle tremors, incoordination, convulsions, respiratory distress — death within 30 minutes if untreated.

Treatment

• 20–40 litres cold water (inhibits urease)
• 4–5 litres 10% acetic acid (neutralises NH₃)