Type of Immunity Provided by Vaccination

Vaccination and tetanus toxoid provides:

Correct Answer: Active immunity

Vaccination and tetanus toxoid provide active immunity because they stimulate the animal's own immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells.

Active vs Passive Immunity

• Active immunity: The individual's own immune system produces antibodies in response to antigen exposure (naturally through infection or artificially through vaccination). It is long-lasting due to memory B and T cells.
  Examples: Vaccination against FMD, HS, BQ; natural infection; tetanus toxoid.
• Passive immunity: Ready-made antibodies are transferred from another individual. It provides immediate but short-term protection (no memory cells formed).
  Examples: Colostrum (IgG from dam to calf), antitetanus serum (ATS), antitoxins, immune globulin injections.

Why Tetanus Toxoid Provides Active Immunity

• Tetanus toxoid is a detoxified form of tetanus toxin that has lost its toxic properties but retained its antigenicity.
• When injected → stimulates immune system to produce anti-toxin antibodies and memory cells → if true toxin is encountered later, rapid secondary response prevents disease.