Topics: Animal Genetics & Breeding, Animal Refresher

Types of Gene Mutations: Match the Column

Match the column:

TABLE-I	TABLE-II
1) Non-sense mutation	a) Any insertion or deletion NOT evenly divisible by 3
2) Silent mutation	b) Any insertion or deletion evenly divisible by 3
3) Mis-sense mutation	c) Substitution of one amino acid by another
4) In-frame mutation	d) Codes for same amino acid; no visible phenotypic change
5) Frame shift mutation	e) Codes for stop codon and terminates protein synthesis

Match the column:

TABLE-I	TABLE-II
1) Non-sense mutation	a) Any insertion or deletion NOT evenly divisible by 3
2) Silent mutation	b) Any insertion or deletion evenly divisible by 3
3) Mis-sense mutation	c) Substitution of one amino acid by another
4) In-frame mutation	d) Codes for same amino acid; no visible phenotypic change
5) Frame shift mutation	e) Codes for stop codon and terminates protein synthesis

Correct Answer: A

From the notes (Types of Gene Mutation):

1. Non-sense mutation (e): Codes for a STOP codon → terminates protein synthesis prematurely. Example: a point mutation converting a sense codon (e.g., UAG) into a stop codon.
2. Silent mutation (d): Codes for the SAME amino acid (due to genetic code degeneracy) → no visible phenotypic change. Example: change in 3rd codon position.
3. Mis-sense mutation (c): Codes for a DIFFERENT amino acid (substitution of one amino acid by another). Example: sickle cell anemia — glutamic acid replaced by valine in haemoglobin.
4. In-frame mutation (b): Insertion or deletion EVENLY divisible by 3 → reading frame maintained, but protein has extra or missing amino acids.
5. Frame shift mutation (a): Insertion or deletion NOT evenly divisible by 3 → entire reading frame shifts → drastically altered protein.

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