Property of Exclusive Series

In an exclusive series of frequency distribution-

Correct Answer: Upper limit of class interval is excluded

In an exclusive series (e.g., 10–20, 20–30, 30–40), the upper limit is excluded from its class and counts as the lower limit of the next class. A value of exactly 20 is not counted in the 10–20 class but in the 20–30 class.

Memory Aid

• Exclusive series → upper limit is excluded (bounced out to next class)
• Inclusive series → both limits are included (stays within same class)

Conversion

To convert an inclusive series (e.g., 10–19, 20–29) to an exclusive series, subtract 0.5 from the lower limit and add 0.5 to the upper limit → (9.5–19.5, 19.5–29.5).