Sudden Heritable Change in Genetic Material
Sudden heritable change in genetic material is known as:
- Recombination
- Mutation — Correct Answer
- Segregation
- Migration
Explanation:
Correct Answer: Mutation
A mutation is a sudden, random, and heritable change in the genetic material (DNA sequence or chromosome structure). The term was coined by Hugo de Vries, who proposed the Mutation Theory of Evolution based on his work with Oenothera lamarckiana (Evening primrose).
Types of Mutation
| Type | Sub-types | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Chromosomal mutation | Heteroploidy, Chromosomal aberration | Changes in chromosome number or structure |
| Gene mutation | Substitution (Transition / Transversion), Frame shift mutation | Changes in DNA base sequence |
Key Notes on Mutation
- Mutation is the ultimate source of all new genetic variation in a population.
- It is the slowest force to change gene frequency (rate: 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻⁶ per locus per generation).
- Multiple alleles are produced by mutation.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- Recombination: Re-assortment of existing alleles during meiosis — not a new change in genetic material.
- Segregation: Mendel's first law — separation of alleles into gametes; not a change in genetic material.
- Migration: Movement of individuals (gene flow) between populations — shifts gene frequencies, does not alter the genetic material itself.
📚 About this Topic — Animal Genetics & Breeding
This multiple choice question is from Animal Genetics & Breeding, Animal Refresher. It has 4 options with a detailed explanation of the correct answer. Practice more MCQs from Animal Genetics & Breeding to strengthen your preparation.
