Mechanism of Lactulose in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose reduces blood ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy by:
- Liver detoxifies ammonia
- Neutralizes blood ammonia
- Acidifies colon, traps ammonia — Correct Answer
- Inhibits bacterial ammonia
Explanation:
Correct Answer: Acidifying colon contents, converting ammonia to non-absorbable ammonium
Lactulose is broken down in the colon by colonic bacteria to acidic products that reduce the pH of stools. Ammonia (NH3) produced by colonic bacteria is converted to ionized ammonium (NH4⁺) in the acidic environment and is not absorbed → reduction of blood ammonia by 25–50%.
Other Facts About Lactulose
- Semisynthetic disaccharide of fructose and lactose.
- Not digested or absorbed in the small intestine.
- Broken down in colon → osmotically active products → retains water.
- Adverse effects: Flatulence, occasional cramps, nausea.
- Not preferred for simple constipation.
📚 About this Topic — Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
This multiple choice question is from Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Science. It has 4 options with a detailed explanation of the correct answer. Practice more MCQs from Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology to strengthen your preparation.
